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Florence Cane : ウィキペディア英語版
Florence Cane

Florence Cane (September 28, 1882 – 1952) was an art therapist, and the older sister of Margaret Naumburg, a pioneer of art therapy. Cane did not describe herself as an art therapist, Hinz (2009) claims that Cane is considered the "grandmother of the expressive therapies"〔Hinz, L. D. (2009). ''Expressive therapies continuum: A framework for using art in therapy''. New York, NY. Taylor & Francis Group.〕 for her theoretical outlook with using art in expressive therapies.
==Professional background ==
In 1910, Cane and Naumburg were trained in Jungian analysis with Beatrice Hinkle. This heavily influenced her work as well as therapeutic and educational approaches. Naumburg established The Children's School, now known as Walden School, in 1914.〔Bickman, M. (2003). ''Modern American education: Reclaiming the tradition of active learning.''New York, NY. Columbia University〕 Cane worked at the school as a art education teacher in 1918. Cane criticized traditional art teaching methods. Cane felt that "creativity and individuality were being crushed".〔Junge, M. B. (2010). ''The modern history of art therapy in the United States''. Springfield, Illinois. Charles C. Thomas.〕 Cane chose to move away from the skill teaching method typically used in schools and instead used an integrated approach. While Cane taught at The Children's School, she continued to teach through her private practice at her home. After leaving The Children's School, Cane spoke at teaching seminars and began her own school at Rockefeller center. In 1936, Cane became the director of art at the Counseling Center for Gifted Children of the school of education at New York University and remained in that position for 14 years. Cane continued her private practice during this time.

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